{"id":43333,"date":"2025-11-19T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.azti.es\/?p=43333"},"modified":"2025-11-17T12:20:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T11:20:20","slug":"ethics-in-artificial-intelligence-for-food-and-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.azti.es\/en\/ethics-in-artificial-intelligence-for-food-and-health\/","title":{"rendered":"Ethics in Artificial Intelligence for Food and Health: From \u201cCan Do\u201d To \u201cShould Do\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.azti.es\/en\/team\/clara-talens\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CLARA TALENS,<\/a> researcher at New Foods<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is already present throughout the entire agri-food chain: from predicting food safety risks to designing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.azti.es\/en\/research-areas\/food-and-health\/precision-nutrition\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">personalised diets<\/a> and supporting clinical diagnosis. This leap brings benefits, efficiency gains, new evidence and faster decision-making, but also risks: biased data, opaque models, unsupervised use and security gaps that can directly affect public health. AI ethics is not a brake: it is the operational framework that ensures innovations work for everyone and build trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_33_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">&Iacute;ndice de contenidos<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/old.azti.es\/en\/ethics-in-artificial-intelligence-for-food-and-health\/#Why_Ethics_Matters_Especially_in_Food_and_Health\" title=\"Why Ethics Matters (Especially) in Food and Health\">Why Ethics Matters (Especially) in Food and Health<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/old.azti.es\/en\/ethics-in-artificial-intelligence-for-food-and-health\/#What_Current_Policies_and_Standards_Require\" title=\"What Current Policies and Standards Require\">What Current Policies and Standards Require<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/old.azti.es\/en\/ethics-in-artificial-intelligence-for-food-and-health\/#A_Practical_Framework_for_Using_AI_Ethically_in_Food_and_Health\" title=\"A Practical Framework for Using AI Ethically in Food and Health\">A Practical Framework for Using AI Ethically in Food and Health<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/old.azti.es\/en\/ethics-in-artificial-intelligence-for-food-and-health\/#Whats_Next_Regulation_and_Trust\" title=\"What\u2019s Next: Regulation and Trust\">What\u2019s Next: Regulation and Trust<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Ethics_Matters_Especially_in_Food_and_Health\"><\/span><strong>Why Ethics Matters (Especially) in Food and Health<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the food sector, artificial intelligence offers unique opportunities: optimising traceability, reducing food waste, improving nutritional quality or anticipating food safety risks. However, if algorithms are trained on incomplete or poorly representative data, they can reinforce inequalities and undermine consumer trust. International bodies such as FAO highlight this double edge: AI can boost the sustainability and climate resilience of the agri-food system, but it can also entrench asymmetries if it is applied without transparency, without involving vulnerable stakeholders (for example, small producers or rural communities) or without proper data governance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A relevant case in the field of personalised nutrition shows how an unethical or technically deficient use of AI can lead to wrong decisions. A study published in <em>Nutrition &amp; Diabetes<\/em> (Nature, 2022) warns that machine learning models used in nutritional interventions can produce misleading dietary recommendations when they are trained on incomplete or biased data \u2013 for example, diets based on Western patterns that ignore the cultural and metabolic diversity of different populations. The authors stress the need to design and validate these systems in an iterative and ethical way, to prevent automated recommendations from worsening nutritional inequalities instead of reducing them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Current_Policies_and_Standards_Require\"><\/span><strong>What Current Policies and Standards Requir<\/strong>e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the areas of food and health, regulation and international guidelines are moving towards a model of responsible, safe and traceable artificial intelligence that guarantees both consumer protection and the scientific reliability of food systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>FAO and WHO (AI in food and health, 2021\u20132025)<\/strong><br>Both organisations recommend that the use of AI in nutrition, production and food safety should incorporate data transparency, traceability of automated decisions and human oversight. They emphasise that any system affecting the availability or quality of food must be assessed not only for its efficiency, but also for its ethical and social impact, avoiding the widening of inequalities in access to healthy and sustainable diets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>European Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act)<\/strong><br>Now in force, the AI Act classifies as high-risk those systems that influence human safety or health, including AI applications in quality control, nutrition labelling, food risk assessment or dietary advice. It requires documented risk management, the use of high-quality and representative data, clear information for users and effective human oversight. This marks a structural shift: ethics ceases to be a recommendation and becomes a regulatory obligation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ISO\/IEC 23894:2023<\/strong><br>This international standard sets out a risk management framework for AI that can also be applied in the food industry, aimed at identifying, analysing, treating and monitoring technical, ethical and organisational risks. In the agri-food context, its adoption makes it possible to integrate ethics from the design phase of AI systems for production, traceability, contaminant control or the formulation of new foods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>EFSA (European Food Safety Authority)<\/strong><br>The European food safety authority is promoting the use of AI to strengthen \u201cdata readiness\u201d in risk assessment, automate scientific reviews and detect early signals of contamination or fraud. However, it warns that AI will only be useful if it is based on auditable, well-governed and accessible data, ensuring reproducibility and trust in regulatory decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"850\" height=\"476\" src=\"https:\/\/www.azti.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/inteligencia-artificial-aplicada-a-la-alimentacion.jpg\" alt=\"Inteligencia artificial alimentaci\u00f3n\" class=\"wp-image-43329\" srcset=\"https:\/\/old.azti.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/inteligencia-artificial-aplicada-a-la-alimentacion.jpg 850w, https:\/\/old.azti.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/inteligencia-artificial-aplicada-a-la-alimentacion-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/old.azti.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/inteligencia-artificial-aplicada-a-la-alimentacion-768x430.jpg 768w, https:\/\/old.azti.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/inteligencia-artificial-aplicada-a-la-alimentacion-450x252.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Practical_Framework_for_Using_AI_Ethically_in_Food_and_Health\"><\/span><strong>A Practical Framework for Using AI Ethically in Food and Health<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before developing or implementing AI systems in food and health, it is useful to ask a few key questions to guide responsible design and decision-making:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>What outcome are we aiming for: improving public health, sustainability or food equity \u2013 and what potential risks does the system entail? Is it classified as \u201chigh risk\u201d under the AI Act?<\/li><li>Where do the data come from? Do they adequately represent different sexes, ages, regions and socioeconomic levels? Have biases or limitations been identified?<\/li><li>Does the model work equally well for all groups? What happens if only one variable changes, such as sex or postcode?<\/li><li>Can we understand why the AI system proposes a particular decision or dietary recommendation? Is there clear documentation and version control for the model?<\/li><li>Is there human oversight of critical decisions? Is model drift monitored and are potential biases audited after deployment?<\/li><li>Have technologists, health professionals, quality managers and consumers been involved in the process? Are impacts and lessons learned communicated transparently?<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Whats_Next_Regulation_and_Trust\"><\/span><strong>What\u2019s Next: Regulation and Trust<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The gradual implementation of the AI Act in Europe will mark a turning point in the responsible use of artificial intelligence, including in the food and health sectors, where data sensitivity and impacts on people are especially significant. This new regulation will require greater process traceability, tighter control over data quality and provenance, model explainability and validation in real-world settings before deployment. Anticipating these requirements will not only reduce regulatory risks, but also strengthen the trust of consumers, authorities and businesses \u2013 a critical asset if AI is to be integrated sustainably into the food industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Applied AI ethics is also a competitive advantage for the sector. Taking an ethical approach from the design stage \u2013 with clear purposes, risk management, representative and transparent data, explainable model decisions and bias audits \u2013 makes it possible to turn information into reliable, traceable and socially acceptable decisions. Ultimately, ethical AI not only accelerates innovation: it also improves public health, reinforces food safety and supports a more sustainable and fair food system for all people and communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Key references<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Thomas, D. M., Kleinberg, S., Brown, A. W., et al. (2022). <em>Machine learning modeling practices to support the principles of AI and ethics in nutrition research<\/em>. <em>Nutrition &amp; Diabetes, 12<\/em>(48). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41387-022-00226-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41387-022-00226-y<\/a><\/li><li>European Commission. (n.d.). <em>AI Act: Regulatory framework for artificial intelligence<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/regulatory-framework-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/regulatory-framework-ai<\/a><\/li><li>International Organization for Standardization. (2023). <em>ISO\/IEC 23894:2023. Artificial Intelligence\u2014Guidance on risk management<\/em>. Geneva: ISO.<\/li><li>European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (n.d.). <em>Aplicaciones de IA en evaluaci\u00f3n de riesgos y data readiness<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/<\/a><\/li><li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (n.d.). <em>IA en agrifood: oportunidades, riesgos y consideraciones \u00e9ticas<\/em>. Retrieved from<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> https:\/\/www.fao.org\/<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CLARA TALENS, researcher at New Foods Artificial intelligence (AI) is already present throughout the entire agri-food chain: from predicting food safety risks to designing personalised diets and supporting clinical diagnosis. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":43331,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":[],"_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"tax-big-challenge":[42],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.4.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ethics in Artificial Intelligence for Food and Health - AZTI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Artificial intelligence for food systems offers unique opportunities, but it also comes with a great deal of responsibility.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/old.azti.es\/en\/ethics-in-artificial-intelligence-for-food-and-health\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ethics in Artificial Intelligence for Food and Health - 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