{"id":16022,"date":"2020-05-04T10:57:19","date_gmt":"2020-05-04T08:57:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.azti.es\/hacia-una-pesca-de-atun-mas-segura-y-respetuosa-con-el-ecosistema-marino\/"},"modified":"2020-07-31T23:40:42","modified_gmt":"2020-07-31T21:40:42","slug":"towards-safer-and-more-marine-ecosystem-friendly-tuna-fishing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.azti.es\/en\/towards-safer-and-more-marine-ecosystem-friendly-tuna-fishing\/","title":{"rendered":"Towards safer and more marine ecosystem-friendly tuna fishing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul><li>AZTI has coordinated a European project that has permitted evaluating fish aggregating devices constructed with biodegradable and non-entangling materials, in real marine conditions.<\/li><li>The research has taken place in the Indian Ocean, where 771 devices were deployed in the fishery operational areas of the tropical tuna PS fleet. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Pasaia, May 4, 2020<\/em>.- The development of fishing solutions that are more respectful with marine species and the environment is a key element to guarantee sustainability of the fisheries sector, an activity area of great economic and nutritional importance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More\nthan half the world\u2019s catches of tropical tuna species (skipjack, yellowfin and\nbigeye tunas) originate from fishing with Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD). The\nuse of these artificial objects that float on the sea surface has increased\nconsiderably over the last few years, leading to the establishment of management\nmeasures aimed at restricting their impact on tuna populations. It has also\nbecome necessary to evaluate the consequences that these devices may have on\nthe marine ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AZTI\ntechnology centre, member of the BRTA Alliance, is working on the design and\nimplementation of less invasive fishing methods for the marine ecosystem. The\nEuropean project, BIOFAD, falls within the framework of these efforts. This is\nan initiative that has consisted of trials with FAD made of biodegradable\nmaterials, which reduce unwanted catches. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Fishing\nwith traditional FAD devices causes unwanted impacts on the marine ecosystem,\nas their non-biodegradable design generates waste in the sea. Further, the use\nof <em>entangling <\/em>materials causes the\nentrapment of other accessory species, such as sharks and sea turtles in the\nnets, with the subsequent cost for the environment&#8221;, Iker Zudaire, project\nleader at AZTI, ensures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To\nrevert this scenario, the technology centre has tested new prototypes of\ndevices that take the name of the initiative, BIOFAD, in open sea.These devices have been made using\nbiodegradable materials, and they have been specifically designed so that\nmarine animals, which are not targeted by the fishing activity, cannot be\naccidentally caught.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIn\nthe initiative, we have worked on the design of BIOFAD prototypes and we have\nexamined them in large-scale trials in the Indian Ocean, in tuna fishing\nactivities. Moreover, we have assessed their efficiency in terms of catch,\npresence and aggregation of tuna, and we have analysed the socio-economic\nimpacts associated with their use in the tropical tuna purse seine fishery in\nthe Indian Ocean\u201d, Zudaire adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nmain conclusion of the project, driven by the European Union, is that the\nBIOFAD devices are just as useful for fishing as traditional FADs, and that\nthey present positive aspects such as the good functioning of some of the\nbiodegradable materials used and the significant reduction of synthetic\nmaterial.The negative aspect is\ntheir high manufacturing cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The BIOFAD project is led by AZTI and has the collaboration of the <a href=\"http:\/\/Instituto Espa\u00f1ol de Oceanograf\u00eda\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"undefined (abre en una nueva pesta\u00f1a)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Spanish Oceanographic Institute <\/a>(Spanish acronym IEO), and the French public scientific research body, IRD<strong>. <\/strong>Likewise, the project has the collaboration of the <a>International Seafood Sustainability Foundation<\/a> (ISSF) and the industry, with the participation of the European and Seychelles tuna purse seine fleets associated to  <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.anabac.org\/index.php\/es\/\" target=\"_blank\">ANABAC<\/a>, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/opagac.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">OPAGAC<\/a> and <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/orthongel.fr\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\">ORTHONGEL<\/a>, and also the Korean fleet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"816\" height=\"612\" src=\"https:\/\/www.azti.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Foto_BIOFAD.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16019\" srcset=\"https:\/\/old.azti.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Foto_BIOFAD.jpg 816w, https:\/\/old.azti.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Foto_BIOFAD-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/old.azti.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Foto_BIOFAD-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/old.azti.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Foto_BIOFAD-450x338.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 816px) 100vw, 816px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_33_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">&Iacute;ndice de contenidos<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/old.azti.es\/en\/towards-safer-and-more-marine-ecosystem-friendly-tuna-fishing\/#A_project_in_several_phases\" title=\"A project in several phases\">A project in several phases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/old.azti.es\/en\/towards-safer-and-more-marine-ecosystem-friendly-tuna-fishing\/#Socio-economic_impact\" title=\"Socio-economic impact\">Socio-economic impact<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_project_in_several_phases\"><\/span><strong>A project in several phases<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La primera fase del proyecto consisti\u00f3 en examinar los diferentes dispositivos utilizados en la pesca de cerco del at\u00fan a trav\u00e9s de la medici\u00f3n de par\u00e1metros como su uso, su desarrollo y el impacto generado. Los dispositivos estudiados fueron los FAD convencionales (es decir, enmallantes y no biodegradables), los NEFAD (no enmallantes, pero no biodegradables) y, finalmente los BIOFAD (no enmallantes y biodegradables).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nfirst phase of the project consisted of examining the different devices used in\nthe tuna purse seine fishery by measuring parameters such as their use,\ndevelopment and the impact generated. The devices studied were traditional FADs\n(that is, entangling and non-biodegradable), NEFADs (non-entangling, but not\nbiodegradable), and finally BIOFADs (non-entangling and biodegradable).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nanalysis described the different types of FADs according to the risks of\nunwanted catches. Finally, a summary was presented, including previous and\ncurrent research studies relating to biodegradable materials and NEFADs carried\nout worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Secondly,\nthe material was selected as well as the most adequate design to construct the\nBIOFADs targeted by the project. The advantages and disadvantages of different\nbiodegradable materials and designs were assessed at different workshops,\ncharacterising tested BIOFAD prototypes in terms of type and amount of material\nused. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe\ndegradation of materials such as cotton canvas and two types of resistant\ncotton ropes were assessed to identify the pros and cons of each of these\nmaterials. The results showed a relatively good performance of cotton ropes\nwhile the cotton canvas did not meet the performance expected by the fleet\u201d,\nZudaire specifies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nnew BIOFADs were defined, based on the specifications of the materials used,\nand a large-scale BIOFAD deployment strategy at open sea was defined in order\nto obtain the necessary data to perform a robust analysis. Finally, 771 BIOFAD\nwere deployed during the project, covering the areas of the Western Indian\nOcean where the tropical tuna PS fleet operates throughout the year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thirdly,\nthe BIOFAD behaviour and performance were evaluated in comparison with NEFADs\ncurrently used by the tuna PS fleet, considering aspects such as tuna catches,\ndevice occupation percentages, and tuna biomass aggregation indices to estimate\ndaily aggregation, among others. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cTuna\nwas first detected at around 35 days in both FAD types. Occupation ratios were\nhigher in NEFADs than in BIOFADs. Overall, tuna biomass estimation did not show\nremarkable differences between the two FAD types\u201d, says the expert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Regarding the lifespan of BIOFADs and NEFADS,\nboth devices showed a maximum lifespan longer than year (maximum lifespan for a\nBIOFAD of 483 days and for a NEFAD of 493 days). Impacts in terms of carbon\nfootprint and marine aquatic ecotoxicity were also assessed for each BIOFAD and\nNEFAD prototype. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe results in the prototypes indicated, as one would expect, that the more material used in a FAD, the higher its environmental impact score. The option of doubling material use (i.e., double canvas or double metallic frame) permitted by the Consortium in order to extend the lifespan of the FADs, consequently and significantly increased their environmental impact, both in terms of carbon footprint and marine ecotoxicity\u201d, Zudaire specifies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Socio-economic_impact\"><\/span><strong>Socio-economic impact<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore,\nthe socio-economic impacts of replacing NEFADS with BIOFADs were assessed,\nincluding an analysis of the possible costs and benefits of the replacement\nprocess in the EU tropical tuna PS fleet. This analysis considered the\nimplementation of these new BIOFADs in the short- and long-term. For that,\nseveral scenarios were tested depending on the possible fish price premium due\nto the use of BIOFADs, and on the difference in catchability according to the\ntype of FAD. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe\nmaximum drop in revenues for replacing NEFADs with BIOFADs was 12%, when there\nwas no price premium, and the catchability of BIOFADs was much lower than for\nNEFADs. But in the event of there being a price premium of 10%, and if the\ncatchability of the BIOFADs were equal to that of the NEFADs, revenues could\nincrease by 10%\u201d, the expert ensures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The job creation potential linked to the production of BIOFADs was also explored. \u201cOn average, labour costs derived from component replacements, increased from 24% to 34% when using BIOFADs, and therefore, employment levels would also increase\u201d, the AZTI researcher concludes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/op.europa.eu\/en\/publication-detail\/-\/publication\/77d2fdc5-7f87-11ea-aea8-01aa75ed71a1\/language-en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (se abre en una nueva pesta\u00f1a)\">ALL THE INFORMATION ABOUT THE RESULTS HERE<\/a><\/strong> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>AZTI has coordinated a European project that has permitted evaluating fish aggregating devices constructed with biodegradable and non-entangling materials, in real marine conditions. The research has taken place in the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16019,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":[],"_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false},"categories":[3],"tags":[333,808,807,809,344,343,810,331,593,347,346],"tax-big-challenge":[42,36],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.4.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Towards safer and more marine ecosystem-friendly tuna fishing - AZTI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/old.azti.es\/en\/towards-safer-and-more-marine-ecosystem-friendly-tuna-fishing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Towards safer and more marine ecosystem-friendly tuna fishing - AZTI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"AZTI has coordinated a European project that has permitted evaluating fish aggregating devices constructed with biodegradable and non-entangling materials, in real marine conditions. 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